Steel For Fuel N° 042 of 56 7 Jul 2025
The EV revolution will NOT be subsidized
by Andy Lubershane, Partner and Head of Research, Energy Impact Partners
In this note
The question
If the United States withdraws its electric-vehicle subsidies and mandates, does the transition to electric cars stall?
The answer
It slows, and in Lubershane’s view it does not stop. He says he is more confident in the electric vehicle than before the November 2024 election, because three trends since then strengthen the case that battery drivetrains win on the merits. He expects American adoption to be slower than in most other countries.
03The argument
The policy news is genuinely bad and he says so. Subsidies look doomed, and what he calls probably the more important move is the revocation of California’s authority under the Clean Air Act to set its own emissions standards, which would have forced automakers to sell a rising share of zero-emission vehicles on a timeline he says many longtime electric-vehicle believers, himself included, considered aggressive, and which other states had adopted under the same waiver. He grants these are not positive developments for the pace of adoption. The turn is that pace is not direction. His claim is about the technology rather than the policy: if electric drivetrains are simply better, removing the subsidy changes when America gets there rather than whether it does.
The first two supports are about cost and capability. On charging he points to Chinese platforms that have collapsed the gap with a fuel pump, and he is careful: they remain several times slower, but close enough, he argues, that the friction of charging effectively disappears. Range anxiety therefore moves from inside the vehicle to outside it, leaving two hurdles, geopolitical barriers to the technology spreading and the energy infrastructure for fast charging, of which he names the second as harder. On manufacturing he concedes ground before claiming any. Two years earlier he had called US-China tension the biggest remaining risk to electric vehicles globally; he now reports that China has widened its lead at practically every step of the supply chain, with BYD’s possibly insurmountable. His narrower claim is that America can still have good, cheap electric cars by working with Japanese and Korean suppliers instead, and he reads the cancelled American battery projects as a startup problem rather than a national one: cell production is among the most exacting parts of advanced manufacturing, and partnering with incumbents is the model that works.
The third support he does not re-argue; he quotes his own earlier post on autonomy. That passage holds that autonomous vehicles are high-utilization by necessity because their capital cost demands it, which favors a drivetrain with lower maintenance and energy costs, and that their sensors and processors need powering anyway. His present-tense additions are that autonomy has moved faster than that piece described, and that he is convinced the confluence of the two will be a major driver of adoption. The conclusion is calibrated rather than triumphant: no subsidy, a possible drag on the market for a few years, and a transition he thinks cannot be stopped.
04What you need to know first
- The California waiver
- The Clean Air Act let California set vehicle emissions rules stricter than the federal ones, and let other states adopt California’s instead. Revoking it removes the mandate in every state that had.
- Lithium-iron phosphate, or LFP
- The battery chemistry the post uses as the cost benchmark, at lower energy density than the one General Motors and LG are proposing against it. The post says Chinese manufacturers still heavily control it, and treats domestic LFP capacity as what America has been missing.
05Details worth keeping
- The quoted line asking what five-minute charging means for oil and gas is Tu Le of Sino Auto Insights, not Lubershane.
- Hyundai opened what the post calls America’s largest factory dedicated to electric and hybrid production, in rural Georgia, a campus the company calls a Metaplant. Lubershane’s point about it is automation: America will not match Chinese cost and quality without matching or beating it on labor productivity.
- America’s first major domestic LFP gigafactory is LG Chem’s plant in Holland, Michigan.
- On cancelled US battery projects he quotes Julian Spector of Canary Media: T1 Energy, Kore Power and Our Next Energy were all venture-backed startups trying to beat global incumbents, a model that has not yet produced a standout, and even Tesla used Panasonic at first.
- Ten states covered by the waiver have joined California in suing the administration.
06Claims worth citing
All figures as stated on 2025-07-07. The Chinese charging figures are company announcements repeated by the post, and battery chemistry and investment numbers move quickly.
- BYD’s Super-e platform, announced in March, uses a 1,000-volt architecture and is reportedly capable of adding 250 miles of range in five minutes; the base model, the Han L, has 370 miles of range and will sell for $29,000. BYD announcement, cited by Lubershane, who writes “reportedly”
- Those speeds are still about three to four times slower than refueling with liquid fuel. Lubershane
- CATL announced a faster-charging battery a month after BYD. Inside EVs, 21 April 2025, cited by Lubershane
- Electric vehicles make up about a third of China’s passenger vehicle exports. Lubershane
- Seventeen other jurisdictions, sixteen states plus Washington D.C., had adopted the stricter standards under the same waiver. Lubershane
- The Georgia Metaplant includes a $4 billion battery manufacturing joint venture with LG Energy and runs more than one robot for every two human workers. Lubershane
- General Motors and LG claim a lithium-manganese-rich chemistry can reach LFP costs with about 30% higher density, with giga-scale production planned for 2028. GM and LG, cited by Lubershane
- US battery manufacturing investment was $10.4 billion in the first quarter of 2025, down slightly from a peak in the fourth quarter of 2024. Rhodium Group Clean Investment Monitor, accessed 27 June 2025, cited by Lubershane
07Where it’s contested
Nobody argues back. What the post carries instead is one substantial concession and several marked hedges.
- He concedes ground on the risk he had flagged as the main one. The optimism is rebuilt on a narrower base: America having good cars, not America competing.
- He undercuts his own best manufacturing evidence. He says he has learned to be extremely skeptical that anyone can get ahead of Chinese LFP, and calls the General Motors and LG announcement possibly overconfident before welcoming it anyway.
- The hardest hurdle is named and left. He calls fast-charging energy infrastructure the harder of the two remaining problems and never returns to it.
- The autonomy case is quoted, not tested. It is lifted from his own earlier post and nothing here examines it.
- The load-bearing assumption is that a better technology wins regardless of policy. The post never says how much slower slower is, and its only estimate of the cost is his hedge about a drag on the market.