Field notes The Energy Transition for the Rest of Us

Steel For Fuel N° 018 of 56 7 Aug 2024

Batteries all the way down

by Andy Lubershane, Partner and Head of Research, Energy Impact Partners

In this note
  1. 01The question
  2. 02The answer
  3. 03The argument
  4. 04What you need to know first
  5. 05Details worth keeping
  6. 06Claims worth citing
  7. 07Where it’s contested

The question

What does a Chinese battery cell price this low mean for everyone else?

The answer

That lithium-ion has passed a milestone nobody in the early 2010s forecast even for 2030, that rival storage technologies are in trouble, and that the prices may not travel outside China.

03The argument

The post annotates one chart of Chinese cell prices. Lubershane converts them into something familiar: they imply pack prices that put a car’s battery roughly level with a high quality engine, which he calls a real milestone. Two consequences follow and point opposite ways. Competing storage technologies now have to beat that number, so they should be worried unless they are playing a different game entirely. But this is a Chinese price. Cells made elsewhere still sell for about double, so manufacturing outside China cannot compete globally without heavy subsidies and tariffs. The chart credits most of the fall to genuinely lower production cost, yet he suspects Chinese industrial policy is doing more of the work than even good analysts can see, which makes the trend harder to bank on outside China as geopolitical tension ratchets up.

04What you need to know first

LFP
The cell chemistry the prices describe; the post never expands it.
Pack price
The assembled battery rather than the cells in it, inferred here from cell prices.

05Details worth keeping

  • The chart is Colin McKerracher’s, for Bloomberg in July 2024, on BNEF data.
  • Form Energy and Rondo Energy are his exceptions, out of lithium-ion’s league.
  • He revisits his April 2023 question on whether the electric vehicle supply chain will hold, answering with a crossed-fingers image.

06Claims worth citing

All figures as stated on 2024-08-07, read off one chart; prices move fast.

  • Cell prices probably imply LFP pack prices near $75/kWh, about $4,875 for a 65 kWh vehicle battery. Lubershane
  • LFP cells outside China still sell for roughly double. Lubershane
  • Most of the recent drop is a fundamental decline in cell production cost. BNEF chart, cited by Lubershane

07Where it’s contested

He hedges the cause, not the number: the industrial-policy suspicion above is his own, and he says that policy is opaque even to the best analysts. His firm has been extremely cautious about investing in storage besides lithium-ion, the stake behind his warning to rivals. He marks the ahead-of-schedule claim as his own view.

Cite as: “Batteries all the way down,” The Energy Transition for the Rest of Us, note on Steel For Fuel, August 7, 2024. CC BY 4.0. View the Markdown